Help with a separator oil box level control - oscillatory out flow, need smooth outflow

Hi everyone,

I am trying to control a horizontal separator oil box by maintaining steady outflow, and am not too concerned with the level set point.  The separator is the second vessel after the slug catcher, which is essentially a surge vessel.  The problem we are having is that the way these controllers were tuned originally is to maintain set point.

As an example, the separator oil box level controller 2-LIC-107, has a set point of 2600 mm.  There is a flow meter on this oil outlet line that I have converted to an FIC, so we can send a CAS set point.  From what I have been reading, the LIC should be proportional only (no integral), so that the response to inflow changes is proportional, and not exaggerated by the integral action trying to maintain set point.  Can someone give me some advice as to how we should be controlling this process?  Is there other DeltaV functions that could be used in this situation to maintain steady outflow? (I deadband, PIDplus, nonlinear gain etc.)

Thank you!

Jayme

Controls specialist

29 Replies

  • Off the top of my head, I'd suggest a gap control. You don't really care about the level as long as it is within an acceptable range. You want the out flow to be as steady as possible so that downstream process is not disrupted.

    If the volume of the Oil section is sufficient to absorb the variability in your in feed, you can use it as a surge tank and let the level vary freely, without any action on the Outlet flow. However, if the level can change to much too quickly, you have to apply some control to the outlet flow. In that case, you might benefit from adding a surge tank downstream of the separator. That would be costly.

    You either have to cut inflow or increase outflow (or vice versa) to keep the level within limits. If there the inflow is completely wild and there is no upstream surge absorption, and no downstream surge tank, then the best you can do is set some gap control in the Oil level, so you don't directly pass level changes to the flow, but you have to eventually act on the flow when level exceeds the gap.

    In a level control, the integrating nature of the process negates the need for integral action in the PID. Adding Integral action will typically result in level oscillation. The non-linear Gain Modification option in DeltaV PID allows you set that range where a minimum Gain value is used, i.e. 0. When the Level moves outside this range, the GAIN is changed and the Output signal responds to Level error and moves the level back within the range. There is a hysteresis Deadband. This is documented in BOL.

    If you have some additional control options like a pressure control upstream that affects the inflow to the separator, this might be a good application for some MPC control, with some optimization on the Oil Out flow. But maybe the Gap control will deliver what you need.

    Andre Dicaire

  • In reply to Andre Dicaire:

    Thank you for the awesome feedback, I appreciate it. I have read the BOL for the non linear gain mod, but my level of tuning experience is minimal. Perhaps you could suggest some starting points for the non linear gain modification parameters and explain why you picked what you did? I think that would help me understand how it works better.

    To summarize our current configuration:

    2-LIC-107 (oil box level control)
    range: 1676 to 3048 mm
    Typical setpoint: 2600 mm
    HI/LO limits: unknown, but we can probably swing from 2300 mm to 2800 mm (Roughly)

    2-FIC-103A-TEST (oil box flow out)
    range: 0-310 m3/hr
    As discussed above, we would like to make the flow as steady as possible. You are right about the inflow swings due to pressure, and all of these vessels are controlled with blanket gas, and whenever we get a push from the field production (into the slug catcher which we use as surge control), the entire system is affected down stream. As the oil and water separates, we dump on the water section with interface control. The oil/emulsion then spills over a weir into the oil box. This oil pad thickness changes with water cut %, and inlet flow (which we do not measure).

    I have thought of using MPC, but have had issues with getting the models to be accurate. I think MPC may be beyond my understanding at this point, but I would definitely like to try it, just not sure how to get the accurate models. With that being said, I have achieved accurate models before, but the control performance did not match what I expected based on the model. The only caveat is that I was trying to control a very non linear large dead time process (viscosity control by adding diluent), so I expected it may be difficult. This process may be more straight forward, as I can put the separator inlet into auto at a steady set point, and also level out the interface by putting the water dump into manual until I achieve steady state.

    Look forward to your response and thanks again for the help!

    Jayme Levesque
  • I had same problem on oil separator on FPSO
    I stabilised downstream process by adding deaf band. For this, i used the KNL parameter of PID block , this allow smooth transition to go out and go in this dead band .
    For separator it ‘s important to have tight level control
  • In reply to controls_wl:

    I ll post you tomorrow the KNL parameters tuning to get this deadbànd and printscreen of trends results before and after.
  • In reply to Andre Dicaire:

    Jayme,
    Can you tell me more about the separator? Is it a gas-oil, oil-water, or gas-oil-water separator? If it is one of the later two, does it have an automatic control on the water-oil interface level?
    James
  • In this case MPC is a too much luxurious solution when entering some right values on KNL is very efficient and easy to do.
    I ‘ ll post the solution here tomorrow .
    Advantage of KNL solution that ‘s the valve doesn’t move if level is in the deadband, move very slowly is level is closed to this band and level disturbances are very well compensated if you get a slug from upstream.
  • In reply to James Beall:

    Hello James,

    The separator is a gas/oil/water vessel. We have a capacitance Agar probe on the free water knockout zone to control interface.

    I will explain how it works starting with the first vessel:

    Slug catcher:

    This is a very large horizontal separator which we use to absorb and dampen the emulsion flow surges from the field production. The emulsion coming in has a water cut that varies from time to time, but is usually around 50-80% water.

    The emulsion at the end of the slug has a reduced water cut, and spills over into the slug oil box. This flow is now sent to the separator inlet. (the flow out of the slug oil box is not too erratic, but slow oscillatory so I don't think it is causing too many problems downstream in the separator/treater.

    Seperator:

    This vessel should be able to produce on spec oil, or close to it when it sends it out to the treater. The interface control on this vessel is also an Agar probe, and can be as aggressive as needed to maintain that oil/water interface. As mentioned above, the issue we are having is that the oil box flow out of the separator is very erratic.

    I have work orders in to calibrate all of the valves, and flow meters on this vessel as I suspect we may have a sticking valve on the interface level control, which may be causing some oscillations.


    Jayme Levesque
  • In reply to James Beall:

    The blue line in the interface control PV.

    The green is the separator inlet coming from the slug catcher oil box

    The yellow is the separator oil box outlet flow (the one we want to make steady as it then goes from the separator oil box to the treater, which is the final stage of treating so the steadier it is, the better the treating)

    The red is the water dump flow (interface)

  • In reply to LaurentB:

    Thank you, that is very much appreciated!

    Jayme
  • In reply to controls_wl:

    Just an observation. The inflow to the separator oscillates, and varies in content from 50 to 80% to 80% water. This affects both the interface level and the Oil level. I'm wondering if both the Water level and the Oil level loops should have gap control.

    When the inflow moves toward a higher water content, this triggers the water outlet to increase to maintain the interface level. But since the Oil content has dropped, there is less oil to overflow and the Oil level sees this drop in oil immediately.

    If the Water interface level also had a gap control, it would allow the water level to rise, pushing more oil over the weir, and absorb some of the variation in composition. this would reduce the immediate drop in oil, and delay the oil level from exceeding the gap limits. When the composition moves to higher oil content the water level would drop and some of that oil is held in the water side of the weir.

    I'm thinking this would provide added surge capacity for oil in the separator, which is what you need to minimize movement on the oil outflow.

    I also wonder if the Inflow can be stabilized, taking that variability out of the equation. Or, should the water outflow be linked to the separate Inflow rate with feed forward. If the swing in the inflow is related to the composition, that would be useful to determine when to adjust the interface level to affect the amount of oil retained on the water side of the weir.

    cheers.

    Andre Dicaire

  • In reply to controls_wl:

    Thanks Jayme!

    Any movement of the I/F will "push" more or less oil out.  I recommend tuning the I/F level controller for tight level control.

    I recommend that you read my ISA article on tuning PID controller on integrating processes, like most level loops, https://www.isa.org/intech/201604basics/   .  Note that for Level cascade to flow, you can calculate the process gain and thus tuning without a step test.  Please send a sketch of the separator with normal I/F level, normal oil level, and where the I/F and Oil LT's are situated.

    I recommend that you read my ISA article on tuning PID controller on self-regulating processes, like most flow loops, https://www.isa.org/intech/201604basics/   .

    When using Gap control on integrating process, I recommend a lower, but not 0 gain.  A 0 gain for the PID controller (with integral action) on an integrating loop will cause oscillations.  If you reduce the gain (1/2 or 1/4) of "out of gap range", you need use the larger reset based on the lower gain, both in and out of the gap.

    More later!

    James

  • In reply to James Beall:

    I'd go with what James says. I was asking and he answered. Tight level control on the I/F.

    Andre Dicaire

  • In reply to Andre Dicaire:

    Hi all , it's a very interesting topic.

    Having a look on the trends you post, we can see you have 2 differents issues.

    - "High frequencies" disturbances which are process noise ( Pressure, vibrations, liquid moves, and waves ....).This noise does not represents the real quantity inside the separator, but controller tries to compensate these kind of disturbance which induce fast moves on the valves becoming disturbances all downstream process. In adddtion there is a big impact on expected life of valve, due to frictions.

    There is 2 ways to eliminate this noise and stop the valve oscillation :

       - The wrong way : add filter on PV. This is not a good idea because in case of real disturbance, the response will be to slow with overshoot, and increasing gain to try to fight these disturbance will destabilize the loop

    - Adding a dead band , with DeltaV KNL function. Have a look on the picture below to appreciate the result.

       - Without KNL the valve ( green) follows the noise ( PV Red)  in phase opposition 

      - With KNL ( dead band tuned with noise amplitude) , the noise is still here , but doesn't matter for your process) , but the valve doesn't move

      - With KNL the "real disturbance is well corrected

    - Low frequency variation of your level. This low wave frequency level variation is caused too the poor tuning of your pure proportional controller.

    As it was said in the different replies, for a separator it's important to have tight level control for process efficiency. Pure proportional controller doesn't allow good performance and lambda tuning suggested by James is a good approach. You have an escellent tools on DeltaV which is INSIGHT which can calculate for you the PID parameters with this lambda method. Insight gives you right parameters very easyly and quickly.

    Anyway how to use KNL . As you already read the BOL , I will give you very fast explanations:

    - to use it you have to go on PID blocks , and into FRSIPID_OPTS, check "Use Non Linear Gain Modification

    - With KNL the proportional and integral action are multiplied by KNL , that means if KNL = 0 , there is no more integral and proportionnal action.

    => set NL_GAIN_MOD to 1

    => set NL_MINMOD to zero : eliminating the controller actions

    => Set NL_GAP to 25% of noise amplitude , put value in EU of PV_SCALE) , 

    => Set NL_TBAND of 75% of noise amplitude put value in EU of PV_SCALE) , 

    => Set NL_HYST of 25% of noise amplitude in EU of PV Scale

  • In reply to LaurentB:

    Hi Jamye

    So does 2-LIC-107 gives FIC SP? If it is not the case, please ignore below.

    If it is the case, I would try to make FIC.OUT set 2-LIC-107.SP.
    At the same time 2-LIC-107.SP_LO_LIM and 2-LIC-107.SP_HI_LIM can be restricted to avoid empty vessel or overflow.

    As you mentioned that you don't car too much about the level's PV, I think there would be acceptable control range of level.


    And then 2-LIC-107.OUT can control incoming flow to the vessel.

    Regards

    JG Yu

    +61 428 950 518

  • In reply to LaurentB:

    Thank you for the great explanation. I am attempting to tune now and have some questions:

    When using insight, I selected "integrating process" and now the only tuning methods I see are:

    1.tight level
    2.typical PI
    3.Lamba-averaging level-PI.. what is arrest time?

    Is this the best tuning method on insight for interface control which has a small measurement range? (20 inches long on a 45 degree insertion angle)
    Should I be using the non linear gain modification on the interface? I am assuming no, as we want tight interface control but sloppy oil box level control.

    I am in the middle of tuning the interface, and the lamba averaging level - PI gave me the following for settings:

    gain: 0.4653
    reset: 45.4 seconds
    I put the arrest time to 20 seconds

    The process still appears to be slightly oscillatory with these new tuning values. Is there something I may be missing?

    In regards to the oil box level control (where we want to use the gap control), would I use the lamba tuning method here as well, then apply the KNL?


    Thank you!

    Jayme